This study explores the factors influencing students' motivation for online learning at Can Tho University. The research examines five key factors: personal, lecturer-related, institutional, academic, and environmental aspects. A survey was conducted with 892 students across various academic disciplines. The study employed statistical analyses, including Cronbach’s Alpha reliability testing, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multiple regression analysis to determine the impact of these factors on students' motivation. The findings indicate that personal and lecturer-related factors have the most significant positive influence, highlighting the importance of self-discipline, time management, and lecturer support. Institutional factors also play a crucial role, particularly in terms of learning infrastructure and support services. However, environmental factors negatively affect motivation, such as poor internet connectivity, financial difficulties, and distractions, which hinder students’ engagement. Additionally, students with higher academic performance and greater online learning experience show stronger motivation. Differences across academic disciplines suggest the need for tailored teaching methods and institutional support. These findings provide insights into enhancing online learning motivation and contribute to policy recommendations improving the quality of online education at Can Tho University.