This study investigates the technical process and identify environmental and public health issues related to the use of pesticides and waste treatment in straw mushroom farming in Dong Thap province using field survey and direct interview with 30 farmers in the study area. The results showed that the farmers often use pesticides in the transplanting spawn and covering the straw beds stages. They often applied various types of pesticides belonging to toxicity categories II, III and IV according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, with 10 active ingredients, in which the Trichlorfon and Fipronil were banned from using. It was found that the pesticides including Sumithion 50 EC, COMCAT 150WP, Tiginon 5gr were used in the straw mushroom cultivation and the time interval between the spraying and the harvest of the mature mushroom was not safe for human consumption according to the safety duration labeled on the pesticide bottles’ instruction. This leads to risks to consumers’ health. Moreover, the treatment of bottles and packages of the pesticides after use by burning, selling to venders and disposing were improper. The findings of the present study revealed that straw mushroom farming potentially pose risk to surrounding environments and health. Therefore, it is necessary to organize training on advanced farming techniques as well as awareness raising for farmers to minimize these risks.