Mekong Delta is one of the largest agricultural production areas in Vietnam. However, in recent years, the intensification of crops and the overexploitation of the land potential led to the soil degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to build soil fertility maps in order to have reasonable land use and exploitation measures. In addition, with the development of science and technology, especially GIS technology makes mapping easier. The study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of soil fertility types and its constraints for agricultural cultivation. The study used the method of collecting information, converting soil classification map classified by WRB system into soil fertility map classified by FCC system; Identify obstacles based on soil fertility characteristics. Research results have identified Mekong Delta has 35 types of soil fertility: CCC, LLC, CCCf-, LLCf-, OOOf-, CCCs-, CCiC, ,LLiC, CCfC, CCiCf-, LLfCs, CapCacC, LapLacC, SkeoSkS, SkeoRkR, Cs-Cs-Cs-, Ls-Ls-Cs-, CsCsCs, Ls-Ls-Cf-s-, Ls-Ls-fCs-, CsCsCf-s, LsLsCf-s, LsLsfCs, Ca-pCa-Cc-, La-pLa-Cc-, Oa-pOa-Oc-, Ca-pCa-Cc-f-, CapCacCf-, Ca-ps-Ca-s-Cc-s-, La-ps-La-s-Cc-s-, Ca-psCa-sCc-s, Caps-Cacs-Cs-, CapsCacsCs, LapsLacsCs, CapsCacsCf-s.  Identified 11 types of  constraints  for agricultural cultivation, including Slightly acid (a-), Strongly acid (a), High P fixation  and high Fe toxicity potential  (i), Low available P (p), Strongly actual acid sulfate soils (c), Slightly actual acid sulfate soils (c-), Shallow potential acid sulfate soil (f) Deep potential acid sulfate soil (f-), Slight salinity (s-), Strongly salinity (s), Ability low supply mineral (k), Ability low nutrient retention (e), Low organic carbon content (o).