Stemming from the nation’s tradition and the actual social situation, the protection of children in Vietnam has been defined in law, instead of appearing only in moral rules. Currently, the constitution of Vietnam stipulates the principle of protection of children. Moreover, Vietnam has also enacted three acts on child protection. This article examines this constitutional principle and its application in child protection law from Vietnam’s independence in 1945 to date. The article also seeks to clarify. The definition of child and children’s rights that has been in use during this period. The article consists of three main parts. Part 1, briefly explores the development of the concept of the child and children’s rights in Vietnamese law, while parts 2 and 3 analyze some issues related to child concepts and the concept of children’s rights.