The study was conducted from August 2014 to April 2015 at Mui Ca Mau National Park aimed to analyze livelihood resources of aquaculture and fisheries communities (N=126). Natural capital including mangrove land and natural aquatic resources were used relative effectively. Human capital was plentiful and experienced (9.60 ± 4.57 years), but 30.3% of fishing households was illiterate. Ability to access to capital was limited, especially oyster and clam farming households, while 66.7% of fishing households had private loans. The material means and housing have improved but levels of solidification was still lower (61.7%). Social capital was used quite effectively but the infrastructure and communications should be more concerned. Overall, communities of oyster farming and shrimp farming had sustainable livelihoods (256.6 ± 92.58 and 85.1 ± 38.3 million VND/household/year); clam farming was high risky and fishing was very unsustainable (no any saving). Level of livelihood variation of communities was low with 62.9% to 88.2% of earnings contributed from key activity. The sustainable livelihood strategies were focused include vocational training, farming object variation to create livelihood diversity and supports in terms of policies and management mechanisms.