The last decade has witnessed strong economic growth and an increasingly global integration of economic activity in Vietnam. The country remains determined to move forward with ambitious plans to attract foreign investment, creating new industries and developing its infrastructure to continute its economic development. Having experienced a 'golden population structure' with more than half of its people of working age, it is crucial for Vietnam to develop a well-trained labour force, which needs to be equipped with scientific, technological and management skills. This chapter first outlines a few defining opportunities and challenges confronting Vietnam during its current educational reforms. The chapter then identifies and examines the country's approach to education reforms in recent years which is characterised by three major features - outward-looking education, socialisation of education, and job-hunting first approach. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how education reform can be guided by practice-based approaches in developing countries such as Vietnam.