Vietnam is one of the largest rice exporters in the world; however, almost all rice is gathered from a large number of individual rice households by small-scale assemblers, which can result in the quality of rice product being impure. The Vietnamese government established a contract-farming scheme in 2002 to address this problem; yet this approach has not been successful in terms of contract enforcement. Field surveys were carried out in September 2015 in Cao Lanh district of Dong Thap province and Cho Moi district of An Giang province, both of which are located in the Mekong Delta. A structured questionnaire was distributed to a total of 107 rice contract farmers, and in-depth interviews were also conducted with key informant panels (heads of cooperatives and local officials in charge of contract farming). Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied for the collected data analysis. Written contracts and direct contracts between company and farmers had a positive effect on contract enforcement. Furthermore, investment in farmers, including supplying rice seed and making field visits to contract farmers also significantly influenced the enforcement of a contract