Khu Tru Mat is one of the important rural policies issued by the Government of the Republic of Vietnam (1955 - 1963). Through this policy, Khu Tru Mat was established in many strategically located areas in the Mekong Delta. Accordingly, the Vi Thanh - Hoa Luu area was both an important intersection in the transport connection system and a strategic political-military position of the Government of the Republic of Vietnam in the Mekong Delta. Therefore, the implementation of the Khu Tru Mat policy in the Vi Thanh - Hoa Luu area was not only the goal of building a strategic political and military area of the Government of the Republic of Vietnam but also had a great impact on the rural face here. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of the Khu Tru Mat policy on the spatial change of residential areas in the rural areas of Vi Thanh - Hoa Luu by exploiting the values from the data source at Vietnam's National Archives in Ho Chi Minh city. The research results not only provide important references but also orient some historical experiences for contributing to the strategic planning of socio-economic development in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam today.