Glossogobius aureus is an important commercial fish for food supply and has been caught increasingly, but data on its population biology is limited. The present study was carried out along coastlines from Soc Trang to Bac Lieu, southern Vietnam to contribute new information on the biological characteristics of G. aureus population. Data analysis of length-frequency distribution of 666 individuals showed that the equation of von Bertalanffy curve of this species was  Lt = 27.97(1- ^{e-  0.72(t+0.12)}) The species displayed 4.47 y longevity and 2.75 in the growth performance. The lengthconverted catch curve analysis showed that the fishing, natural and total mortalities were 2.73 yr^-1, 1.52 yr^-1 and 4.25 yr^-1 respectively and fish exploitation rate was 0.64. There was one recruitment peak in July and the analyses of relative yield-per-recruit and biomass-per-recruit gave E_max=0.408, E_0.1=0.284 and E_0.5=0.404. This goby is potentially an aquaculture species due to its high growth rate. The fish stock has been overfished, so the gill net mesh size should be increased and fish should not be caught during the recruitment period for sustainable management.