Vietnam and Russia (formerly part of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991) have diplomatic relations dating back to the longest period of the Vietnam War. By 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, the diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Russia had many changes, turning from dependent diplomacy in the cold war to a bilateral diplomatic relationship. Diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Russia in the post-Soviet period focused on economic development and a number of other important fields such as defense, security and political cooperation. Diplomatic relations between Russia and Vietnam from 1991 to 2020 have achieved many important achievements and have many prospects in the future. However, in the context of many changes in the world, the diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Russia also contain many challenges in the face of China's rise and China-US competition, these challenges require two countries must make efforts to ensure the good in diplomatic relations.

This article aims to analyze the diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Russia, using international relations research methods to clarify the research problem. In addition, the historical method is also used to clarify the tradition of this diplomatic relationship, thereby proposing solutions to solve the challenges in diplomatic relations between Vietnam and Russia.