Vietnam is a country with a strongly developed agriculture in Asia. From 1986 up to now, especially in the period from 2010 to 2020, Vietnam has always maintained the leading export volume of rice, fruit, seafood, pepper, and coffee in the world. The process of developing the agricultural economy in a developing country like Vietnam has helped many people get out of poverty and have development in all aspects. It can be said that Vietnam's agricultural economy is a phenomenon in the history of global agricultural economy and has many positive results. However, over a long period of development, Vietnam has appeared a number of issues that need to be improved such as productivity, quality and global competition in order to maintain its current achievements in development.

Bac Lieu is a province in the Mekong Delta, the most important agricultural economic region of Vietnam. Bac Lieu is a typical example of agricultural economic development in Vietnam from 2010 to 2020 with agricultural economy mainly in the fields of rice, fisheries and salt. Through the case study of Bac Lieu province, it is possible to clarify the problems of Vietnam's agricultural economy, thereby gaining useful experiences and suggestions.

This article uses the method of studying economic data and social science statistics, along with the historical method in assessing and summarizing Vietnam's agricultural economy from 2010 to 2020 through a case study in Bac Lieu province.